Video Formats and chroma sub-sampling

 color space system.

-> RGB

-> YCbCR  (YPbPr in analog system)

-> HSB hue satuaration brightness

-> CMYK

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4:2:2 (Horizontal sub sampling) 8 bytes used for 4 pixel.

Y   Y  Y  Y

cb     cb

cr     cr

4:1:1 (Horizontal sub sampling)  6 bytes used for 4 pixel.

Y   Y  Y  Y

cb     

cr     

4:2:0 (Horizontal + Vertical sub sampling) 6 bytes used for 4 pixel.

y    Y

cb, 

cr,

y    y

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YUV formats (8 bits only)

1) Planner

-> All Y would be in one array/plane, then all U would be in one array/plane and then V would be in once array/plane

-> Here all 3 array can be at different offset in single buffer also. 

I420, I422

-> reversed planners 

YV12 is exactly like I420, but the order of the U and V planes is reversed

2) Semi Planner

-> Semi planar formats have two planes instead of three, one plane for luminance, and one plane for both chrominance components. 

-> NV12, NV16

-> reveresed semi planners

-> NV21, NV61

3)Packed formats

In packed formats, you usually have only one plane. (This is something like RGB)

( packet formats cannot normally deal with vertical sub-sampling.)  

UYVY or Y422

YUY2 or V422 (reversed format)